Chinese Fable

纸上谈兵🔊

Zhǐ Shàng Tán Bīng
📚 Fables⏱ 3 min read🎧 Audio

This fable warns against discussing strategy only on paper without practical experience.

The Story 🔊

Zhànguó shíqī Zhàoguó yǒu gè jiāngjūn jiào Zhào Kuò
战国Zhànguó🔊时期shíqī🔊赵国Zhàoguó🔊有个yǒu gè🔊将军jiāngjūn🔊jiào🔊赵括Zhào Kuò🔊
Tā cóngxiǎo shúdú bīngshū tán qǐ dǎzhàng tóutóu shì dào
🔊从小cóngxiǎo🔊熟读shúdú🔊兵书bīngshū🔊谈起tán qǐ🔊打仗dǎzhàng🔊头头是道tóutóu shì dào🔊
Kěshì tā cónglái méiyǒu shàng guò zhànchǎng
可是Kěshì🔊🔊从来没有cónglái méiyǒu🔊上过shàng guò🔊战场zhànchǎng🔊
Hòulái tā dàitì Lián Pō zhǐhuī zuòzhàn zhǐ huì zhàobān bīngshū shàng de lǐlùn
后来Hòulái🔊🔊代替dàitì🔊廉颇Lián Pō🔊指挥zhǐhuī🔊作战zuòzhàn🔊只会zhǐ huì🔊照搬zhàobān🔊兵书bīngshū🔊上的shàng de🔊理论lǐlùn🔊
Jiéguǒ Zhào jūn dàbài Zhào Kuò yě zhànsǐ zài shāchǎng
结果Jiéguǒ🔊赵军Zhào jūn🔊大败dàbài🔊赵括Zhào Kuò🔊🔊战死zhànsǐ🔊zài🔊沙场shāchǎng🔊
English Translation:
During the Warring States period, Zhao Kuo was a general of Zhao. He had studied military books since childhood and could discuss warfare brilliantly. But he had never been on a battlefield. When he replaced Lian Po to command the army, he only copied theories from books. As a result, the Zhao army was defeated and Zhao Kuo died on the battlefield.

Key Vocabulary

纸上谈兵
zhǐ shàng tán bīng
armchair strategy
兵书
bīngshū
military books
战场
zhànchǎng
battlefield
指挥
zhǐhuī
command
理论
lǐlùn
theory
战死
zhànsǐ
die in battle

The Moral

Theory without practice is dangerous! This idiom warns that book knowledge without real experience leads to failure.

Cultural Insight

纸上谈兵 comes from the story of Zhao Kuo in "Records of the Grand Historian" (史记).